Thursday, September 13, 2018

What Happens if your kid tells you that he or she is Gay?

One of my best friends and I were discussing the topic of homosexuality. His point was that we’re still Asians at heart and while some might find homosexuality normal, he did not. To make his point, he asked me what I would do if my 18-year old told me one fine day that she was a lesbian. I laughed and my reply was “What would you expect me to do?” The point being, if my little girl told me that her sexual preference was for another woman, she’d still be my little girl. When my teenager, who is in some cases legally an adult decides on something for herself in her personal life, the issue of what I feel and like has no relevance.

I bring up this topic because the infamous topic of Section 377A, or the section of the Penal Code that outlaws “unnatural” sex between men is back in the news, thanks to a ruling in the Indian High Court on the 6th of September 2018 that repealed Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, legalizing homosexual sex.

The news of the Indian ruling inspired Professor Tommy Koh, one of our most respected diplomats (and a former neighbor of Dad’s) calling the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay and Transsexual) to challenge the existence of 377A in Singapore’s Penal Code. The story of Professor Koh’s challenge can be found at:


Then, a challenge to 377A has been filed in the courts by a disc jockey (“DJ”) called Johnson Ong. The story of Mr. Ong’s challenge can be found at:


This challenge comes a few days after the online media reported that petition calling for the repeal of the act garnered some 30,000 signatures in a day and the Minister of Law, Mr. K Shanmugam came out to say that the decision to repeal the act. The report can be found at:


Just as those who want to repeal Section 377A have been galavnised into action, the supporters to this section have also been galvinised into action, even if they have been relatively quiet, perhaps buoyed by the a recent survey that stated that the majority of Singaporeans were in favour of keeping 377A on the books and the government, unwilling to take on any pressure group is sticking to its ground of keeping the legal fudge of “we’ll keep the law but won’t enforce it.” The story of can be found at:


My ex-girlfriend, went as far as to send me a WhatsApp message with a “good speech” from Mr. Christopher De Souza, one of our esteemed Members of Parliament, passionately begging parliament to keep the section of the law. The “Pro-377A” camp has clearly decided to sit back and let the “logic” of their case do the talking. By sending me this “good speech,” I was reminded of why she’s my ex.

I find the intensity of the emotions in this battle to be baffling. Singapore takes such pride in being a wonderfully reasonable place, where decisions are made based on facts rather than on blind prejudices. For example, we keep the “dubious” business of prostitution legal because it’s better than driving it underground by keeping it illegal. We allowed the construction of casinos because the economic benefits outweighed the potential social costs. There are plenty of examples of how our government and society has gone ahead and done something, despite “disapproval” of a “moral majority.” We’re often reminded that this commitment to making policy based on fact is the very reason why the foreign investors come around to keep things ticking.

Unfortunately, when it comes to the debate on 377A, Singapore’s claim to be a “rational intelligent” place that has rule of law based on facts, gets washed down the toilet. You have exceedingly clever people like Professor Thio Li-Ann (Oxford Graduate in Law) and Mr. De Souza (Partner at Lee & Lee, one of our most prominent law firms) beating around the bush and embarrassing the legal profession with their arguments and yet, most frighteningly convincing people that they actually made sense. I once picked apart Professor Thio’s 2007 speech in parliament – something which my uneducated brain found very easy to do, which lead to the further conclusion that there was something wrong with our very educated Members of Parliament if they failed to see the obvious flaws in her argument:


It’s ridiculously easy to pick off their arguments and I often wonder how this lot managed to get the jobs that they got in the legal business. It’s perhaps a rather damning inditement of our current system that people who fail to make intelligent arguments get hailed as “moral guardians” and highly educated professionals.

My thoughts on the subject of 377A can be found in a piece I wrote around the time of the debate.


My thoughts and feelings on the subject remain the same and I go back to the question of “What would you do if your kid told you he or she was gay?” I think of what would happen if  the son of my ex-girlfriend (she who sent me the ‘good speech,’), who was for the better part of a year my son too, told me he was gay. My answer would be:


  1. Silence as I digest the news;
  2. A little disappointment – I was kind of expecting to have someone who could be a “mini-me” on the topic of girls;
  3. Love and acceptance – Ultimately, what would I want – only for him to grow up and grow old with a partner of his choosing (regardless of gender), which means a partner that he’ll be able to have a healthy sexual relationship with.

When you look at things like this, you’ll understand that as a parent, there is nothing else higher than wanting your kids to have a normal healthy relationship with the person who makes them happiest. How could any parent want their kids to be “criminal?”

When we look at the issue of 377A, I say, let us look at the issue from our most personal of points – our kids. For me, a law that criminalises the ability of my kids to have a normal and healthy sexual relationship with a partner of their choice is in fact that most unnatural thing possible

Tuesday, September 11, 2018

SSD –Call a Spade a Spade


In Singapore, property prices shot up so fast over the last one year that the Government was alarmed. Home owners look with envy at those who reaped enhanced rewards from a collective sale of their development. This refers to a special law which allows a special majority of owners in a development to sell ALL the strata unit in the development, notwithstanding that there is a small minority who do not wished to sell. 

However, in the last half a year, many owners in collective sale development are crying murder! This arose because the Government implemented a tax called Seller’s Stamp Duty (or “SSD”). Owners who sell their property within four years have to pay SSD. For the lucky (or some say unlucky) owners, this can amount to fifty thousand dollars to hundreds of thousands of dollars.

The most unhappy are the owners (the “Unhappy Owner”) who moved into their dream home only to find that within two or three months, a collective sale committee (the “CSC”) is formed, and the Unhappy Owner’s dream home may be sold without their consent. The Unhappy Owner may protest. He may apply to Court to block the sale. But if the CSC has observed all the requirements required by the law, the sale will proceed. And when the Unhappy Owner refuses to sign the Transfer of his dream home, the CSC can apply to Court for the Registrar to sign the Transfer. Then as if to add insult to injury, the CSC may pay SSD on the Unhappy Owner’s strata unit and deduct the SSD from sale proceeds due to the Unhappy Owner.

To be fair, this is not a criticism of the collective sale procedure. Singapore is a democracy that believes in the rule of the majority. Hence, even in a strata development, a small minority may have to give way to a special majority. There are in place sufficient safeguards to ensure that the small minority, such as our Unhappy Owner, will not suffer a financial loss from the collective sale. But such assurances are insufficient balm to soothe the said injury (or lighten the said insult).

This begs the question. Does the law really require minority owners to pay SSD?

The Government implemented SSD ostensibly to curb property speculation (“SSD Purpose”). This purpose is achieved when home owners faced with the prospect of paying SSD, decides to postpone the sale of their home. In the case of our Unhappy Owner, he has acted in line with the SSD Purpose by protesting against the collective sale. Thereafter if despite his protests, a special majority proceeds to sell his dream home, there is nothing that this Unhappy Owner can do to prevent the sale. How will it serve the SSD Purpose to impose SSD on this Unhappy Owner? It smacks of double jeopardy first, for the law to empower a CSC to sell the Unhappy Owner’s dream home, and secondly to impose SSD liability on the Unhappy Owner. Imposing SSD liability on this Unhappy Owner appears to extend the law beyond its original SSD Purpose. 

The Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (“IRAS”) website contains a guide that says that collective sale owners have to pay SSD – even minority owners such as our Unhappy Owner. If the original SSD Purpose does not cover our Unhappy Owner, is he an unintended victim of an ambiguous law?

This brings us back to the law. The Devil is in the details.

The Stamp Duty Act says that sellers who sell their property within four years of its purchase have to pay SSD. And this is our Eureka! moment.

Therein lies the answer that our Unhappy Owner is looking for. He is not a seller and he did not sell his dream home. It is the majority owners who sold his dream home despite his protests. The collective sale agreement says that the majority owners are selling ALL the strata units in the development. It does not say that the minority owners are sellers. Even the Order of Court does not say that the minority owners are sellers. There is no reason for anyone to treat our Unhappy Owner as a seller and to impose SSD liability on him. This is so especially when the original SSD Purpose of the law does not extend to our Unhappy Owner.

Finally, it is trite law that stamp duty is imposed on instruments, rather than on transactions. In the case of our Unhappy Owner, if he has not signed any Sale Agreement or Transfer Instrument, there is no document signed by him to attract SSD liability. Hence, it is ultra vires for IRAS to collect SSD from our Unhappy Owner. And if SSD has been paid, our Unhappy Owner is entitled to its refund from IRAS.

So, the moral of the story is this. Call a spade a spade. Call a seller a seller. Just don’t call our Unhappy Owner a seller and don’t collect SSD from him.

By Mr. Eric Ng Yuen
Partner at Malkin & Maxwell LLP
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Maira Gall